Practica 1

Charles Babbage’s first project was the Differential Engine, a machine capable of executing not merely arithmetical calculations, but even all those of analysis, if their laws are known. However, its use is confined to simple additions or subtractions, lacking application for many other problems in the field of mathematical analysis. Upon realization of this incompatibility, Mr. Babbage conceived the plan of another machine, the Analytical Engine, whose operations can be specified using algebraic notation.
Two main principles on which the construction of the machine is based are the execution of numerical calculations and correct distribution of values obtained (eg. (a+b)(c+d) = ac+ ad+bc+bd). It is capable of executing successive operations without human intervention, and thus independently yielding an appropriate result; a finite automaton which acts according to the laws imposed upon it.
This last statement may seem trivial and fundamental. However, when dividing one number by another, the usual rules of arithmetic allowed for a method of guessing which now had to be formalized into an algebraic formula for execution the engine. Having formalized the four operations of arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division), the machine was capable of performing any numerical calculation, because each calculation can ultimately be broken down into those four operations (later refined by Alan Turing).

Taller final units 1, 2, 3 y 4

Well, we have got to the end of the road. Hope you have learned and had fun during this short trip to the world of reading a text in English.

A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés. Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. agrega las abreviaciones.
Statement: (n) Declaración
Conceived: (v) Concibió
Performing: (adj) Realizar


2. Idea principal del texto (en español)
Es el invento de las primeras máquina que se crearon para realizar cálculos matemáticos con tan solo suma y resta, después se le anexaron las demás operaciones de multiplicación y división, ya era una máquina que podía realizar cualquier operación matemática


3. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)


• Palabras de contenido: machine, engine
• Palabras de Función: for, but, a
• Verbos:can, to be
• Adverbio: ultimately
• Adjetivo: Performing, capable, each
• Artículo: a, the
• Preposiciones: in, of, on
• Conjunción: and
• Cognados verdaderos: motor, arithmetic, intervention, human
• cognados Falsos: sum, Analytical
• Sufijo: guessing, independently
• Prefijos: incompatibility, independently